The Great Gatsby Essay - 1109 Words

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays American society in the 1920’s after WWI has just ended, a decade of unprecedented economic prosperity. In the book, Fitzgerald critiques the loss of moral values and the degradation of American society, symbolizing it as a â€Å"valley of ashes—a fantastic farm where . . . ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke† (Fitzgerald 23). Through the characters of the book, Fitzgerald exposes the American dream from behind its dazzling veil of happiness and success, and characterizes its true form: a mad, desperate and hopeless chase towards something unattainable, turning a once innocent dream, into a shattered nightmare, destroying everything in its wake. The book is set in Long†¦show more content†¦The readers are also introduced to Nick’s second cousin and her husband, Daisy and Tom Buchanan. Daisy and Tom represent the wealthy: rich and glamorous but also shallow and selfish. They both come from affluent families and live a life of luxury, living in â€Å"the white palaces of fashionable East Egg† (Fitzgerad 5). Tom â€Å"had been one of the most powerful ends that ever played football at New Haven† and â€Å"his family were enormously wealthy† (Fitzgerald 6). Daisy has a â€Å"low, thrilling voice . . . the kind of voice that the ear follows up and down† (Fitzgerald 9). Together, they lead a carefree, excessive and transient lifestyle, moving from place to place restlessly. However, just like the American dream and society, Tom and Daisy and Gatsby’s envious lives are not what they seem to be. Throughout the book, Fitzgerald reveals many cracks in the lives and characters of Tom, Daisy and Gatsby. The woman Gatsby is in love with is tragically, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy, and not the massive fortune Gatsby has accumulated, is Gatsby’s â€Å"American dream†, his ever-elusive goal. Having already lost her once because he â€Å"had no comfortable family standing behind him, and was liable at the whim of an impersonal government to be blown anywhere about the world† (Fitzgerald 149), Gatsby is determined to win her back, even declaring to Daisy’s husband, Tom, that Daisy â€Å"only married [Tom] because he (Gatsby) was poor and she was tired of waiting forShow MoreRelated Great Gatsby1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby Nick is invited to one of Gatsby’s extravagant parties. He arrives only to fin d he doesn’t know where Gatsby is, and then he runs into Jordan Baker. Together they set off to find Gatsby and they head to the library where they find â€Å"Owl Eyes†, a drunken man trying to get sober. After talking to â€Å"Owl Eyes† for awhile they head outside again where Nick unknowingly starts a conversation with Gatsby. After revealing himself, Gatsby tells Jordan that he would like to speakRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1168 Words   |  5 Pagesone must be born into it. Therefore in The Great Gatsby, by F-Scott Fitzgerald, Gatsby fails to join the old money club because he exhibits his wealth to society. Gatsby possessions provides an indicator that he purchases items with eye appeal and flashiness which Old money typically never buys in order to impress or show off to others. They prefer to buy small non-noticeable items that skilled eyes will only know the true value of the merchandise. Gatsby on the other hand purchased a huge houseRead MoreThe Great Gatsby2449 Words   |  10 PagesI glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green light Possibly F. Scott Fitzgeralds masterpiece, The Great Gatsby is not just a magnificent story, but a lesson of societys flaws during the roaring 1920s. Fitzgeralds story creates an atmosphere of superficiality, dissatisfaction and dishonesty by the description of each character. With the economical growth, and the immoral society of the 1920’s ultimately brought corruption to desire of the American Dream and the chanceRead MoreThe Great Gatsby806 Words   |  3 Pagesthey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money...and let other people clean up the mess they had made... (P. 179). During the 20s, many peoples American dream was to go out, party and be free, the roaring 20s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an explanation of how people acted. People went to parties, lived in luxurious homes, criticized each other, and wanted to achieve their dream by trying to live it. The Wilson marriage is a failure because its one-sidedRead MoreThe Grea t Gatsby647 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand the book. Endings of books are usually there to bring the novel to a close and deliver a life lesson at the end. All of the concepts and themes are in the body of the book and are well presented depending on the author. In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the American Dream was the theme that was presented, and according to the story it is unachievable and just an infant fantasy that America portrays. While reading the story, the characters’ views on how their interpretation of the American DreamRead MoreThe Great Gatsby607 Words   |  2 Pagesby the name of Jay Gatsby. Nick is the narrator who is sees a different side of Gatsby that sees him â€Å"great† aside from his wealth and corruption. Nick grew up in the Jazz age and it was replaced with the vitality, and favor of the artificial American dream. Gatsby’s life was full of winnings along with failures that followed him into death throughout the novel; never the less he achieves a form of â€Å"greatness† because of his morality in Nick’s perspective. In The Great Gatsby, Nick’s perspectiveRead MoreGreat Gatsby5612 Words   |  23 PagesThe Great Gatsby – Study Guide Chapter 1 1. Why is Nick Carraway made the narrator? The device of giving Nick the function of narrator lends psychic distance from the story. Nick is part of the action, yet he is not one of the principals. He shares some of the emotions and is in a position to interpret those of the others. However, the happens are not center on him. 2. What kind of relationship exists between Nick and the Buchanans? It is completely superficial. He speaks of themRead MoreThe Great Gatsby 565 Words   |  2 PagesIn the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Daisy Buchanan is a perplexing character. She is charming and pretty, yet her personality is almost robotic. Daisy has no sincere emotions; she only knows social graces and self-preservation. A materialistic society makes Daisy a jaded person who lacks any real depth. Gatsby remembers Daisy as the pretty girl from North Dakota he fell in love with when he was in the military. He soon sees that she is different, although he denies it, even toRead MoreNarratology in The Great Gatsby1308 Words   |  6 PagesFitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby demonstrates what Marie-Laure Ryan, H. Porter Abbott and David Herman state about what narratology should be. These theorists emphasize the importance of conflict, human experience, gaps and consciousness, among many other elements, in order for a story to be considered a narrative. The Great Gatsby shows these elements throughout the book in an essential way. This makes the reader become intrigued and desperate to know what will happen next. The Great Gatsby is unpredictableRead MoreModernism In The Great Gatsby1728 Words   |  7 Pages Modernism in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a novel by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows the story of Jay Gatsby in the Jazz Age of the United States. Although this novel tells a fictional tale, it also gives readers a window into the social and economic environment of America in the time period following World War I. For this reason, The Great Gatsby is considered one of the most important examples of Modernism in American literature. The Modernist themes in this novel come

Prevalence Of Depression And Autism Spectrum Disorder

Prevalence of Depression in Individuals with Low to High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Kelvin Davis PSY 1022 Monday, October 14, 2013 Wednesday 8:00 am Word Count Abstract Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are quite vulnerable to anxiety and depression, especially in late adolescence and early adult life (Tantum Prestwood, 1999). In accordance with a study sampling children between 7 and 13 years of age (Vickerstaff, Heriot, Wong, Lopes Dossetor, 2006), it is hypothesized that adolescents on the autism spectrum with high IQ will be more likely to experience depression. participants will be 50 adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age formally diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. participants will complete the depression related questions from the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) which will be administered by their respective psychologist. the participants DASS score will be measured against IQ score. participants with higher IQ scores will be more likely to experience depression and participants with lower IQ scores. Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), is characterised by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities which must be present in the earlyShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1492 Words   |  6 Pageslife there are several different disorders that have been well known from many years ago. There is one disorder that was diagnosed in the early 1800’s but it wasn’t until a few years ago that it gained lots of attention. What used to be known as Autism was later renamed in the DSM to Autism Spectrum Disorder meaning, a neurodevelopmental disorder rather than a pervasive developmental disorder (Gargiulo, 2015). Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal or impairedRead MoreIs Autism A Developmental Disorder? Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesExploring Autism in Childre n Rutgers University Atypical Adolescence and Development Professor. Stevie McKenna November 2nd, 2016 Autism Abstract Autism is a developmental disorder in which an individual has problems with communication and interaction. Autism Spectrum Disorder was adopted as a categorization in 2013 and begins in childhood and follows throughout the course of a child’s life and is actually a collection of developmental brain disorders. There isRead MoreExploring Ways of Conceptualizing ASD in Africa1439 Words   |  6 Pagesmental disorder, but really is that enough to become a revolutionary universal tool? Table of Contents Chapter 1: INTRODUTION 1 Background of the research 1 Aims and objectives of the research 4 Research Methodology 5 CHAPTER 2: 7 DIAGNOSTIC STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS 7 The History and revisions of the DSM 8 DSM-I (1952) 8 DSM-II (1968), (1974) 9 DSM-III (1980), DSM-III-R (1987) 9 DSM-IV (1994), DSM-IV-TR (2000), 10 DSM-5 (2013); Perspective of ASD ‘Neuro-developmental Disorders’ andRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder : A Negative Effect On A Child s Ability Essay1768 Words   |  8 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, is defined by the Mayo Clinic as a negative effect on a child’s ability to be able to communicate and interact with others due to the negative effects of a neurodevelopment disorder. Along with the following communication and interaction issues Autism Spectrum Disorder is also associated with restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities all have been shown to cause impairment in social, occupational, and other functioning areas (Mayo Clinic, 2014). IncludedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Autism ) Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesconventions (Lai, 2014). These two observations would be the beginning of a disorder known as the Autism Spectrum Disorder. This developmental disorder, characterized by a range of deficits in different areas, is increas ingly prevalent in society and in the media. While the exact numbers vary from country to country, according to Lai (2014), 1% of the general population is diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. The range of this disorder has a detrimental effect on society, specifically the educationalRead MoreChildren With Autism Struggle With Sleep Essay799 Words   |  4 Pages Wide awake: Why children with autism struggle with sleep? Sleep-related difficulties are one of the major concerns among parents with autistic children. About 43-84% of parents have reported that their children face problems with either sleep initiation, maintenance or early awakenings in a study in 1990s1,2.This distressful condition affects not only the child but also the well-being of the entire family. Sleep is essential for restoration and rejuvenation of bodily functions;Read MoreAsperger s Syndrome : A Look Into A New Face Of Autism Spectrum Disorders1579 Words   |  7 Pagesnew face of Autism Spectrum Disorders By John Grove Autism has many faces and facets involved in a complex disorder. Autism is a distinct group of complex disorders that involve issues with communicative disorders, social impairment as well as other complexities such as restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior. Autism Spectrum Disorders include disorders such as Asperger’s, Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Development Disorder, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Asperger’sRead MoreWhy Do Children With Autism Struggle With Sleep? Essay823 Words   |  4 Pages Wide awake: Why do children with autism struggle with sleep? Sleep-related difficulties are one of the major concerns among parents with autistic children. About 43-84% of parents have reported that their children face problems with either sleep initiation, maintenance or early awakenings in a study in 1990s1,2. This distressing condition affects not only the child but also the well-being of the entire family. Sleep is essential for restoration and rejuvenation of bodily functions;Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1285 Words   |  6 PagesIntroductions: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a lifelong developmental condition that affects, among other things, the way an individual relates to his or environment and their interaction with other people. The word ‘spectrum’ is the description of a range of difficulties that people with autism may experience and the degree to which they may be affected. Not everyone with autism have an accompanying learning disability and require continued specialist support because some people withRead MoreEffects Of Autism On Children With Autism Spectrum Diseases1073 Words   |  5 Pages Autism Spectrum disorder is described as a disorder that will disable people for communication and social interaction. They will have repetitive behaviors and also will have difficultly learning, reacting to things or paying attention. If there is an early intervention of this disorder treatment can be manageable. Scientist believe that genetic is the major cause of autism and there is a high chance of children to get autism if their sibling is already suffering from autism. Autism was discovered

Combatting Environmental Racism Free Essays

People before Profit: Combatting Environmental Racism After years of protests, court cases, deaths and stereotypes, the civil rights movement finally helped create equality in the United States and the saying in the Declaration of Independence, ‘All men are created Equal’, finally had meaning. But not all communities are created equal. Those communities inhabited by the poor and minorities are more degraded, less powerful and less protected. We will write a custom essay sample on Combatting Environmental Racism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The government engages in environmental racism against the people living in these communities, putting their health and safety at risk. The profit maximizing mindset of western companies is putting profits before people, endangering lives and communities around the world and should be corrected before more people face the consequences. Environmental racism â€Å"refers to any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (whether intentionally or not) individuals, groups, or communities based on race or color†(90). As more and more countries shift to capitalism, humans are becoming increasingly greedy, selfish, and profit-maximizing beings. We are completely disregarding the cost to nature and each other; the only green we care about is the dollar. Individuals in power are taking advantage of minorities and placing toxic waste, landfills and polluting factories on their communities in order for them to save costs. Minorities such as blacks and Latinos are perceived as being weak and passive to government related actions. They are too scared to fight the government in fear that it will put their jobs in jeopardy and increase their economic burden. According to research by Dr. Deborah Robinson, three out of five African Americans in the United States live in communities with uncontrollable toxic waste sites. Also, three of the five largest commercial hazardous waste landfills are located in African American and Latino communities. People need to take notice that environmental racism is also a form of racial oppression. It is the same product in different packaging. The people living in these communities suffer â€Å"shorter life spans, higher infant and adult mortality, poor health, poverty, diminished economic opportunities, substandard housing and an overall degraded quality of life. Also, studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution or toxic waste can cause lower IQ on children. How can one expect the poor to climb the class ladder and leave these slums if their IQ is being lowered by the environment that they are forced to live in? Corporate greed is to blame for this problem. People must take action to remove these dangerous plants and chemicals from these communities. Just because the poor are helpless does not mean we need to make their situation worst. The people most likely to be exposed to these dangerous chemicals are also the least likely to have medical insurance. There are just over four million uninsured Americans; â€Å"That 4 million is broken down into 33% Hispanics, 21% African Americans and 21% Asian and Pacific Islanders†(92). 75% of people without insurance are minorities. These people are getting sick and cannot afford to pay for their healthcare costs so they are just dying by the masses. Not only are we hurting the very poor with our corporate greed, but we are also hurting nature. Environmental racism also encompasses nature. Toxic material is being dropped into our lakes and our air. A recent study has revealed that 40% of America’s rivers and 46% of America’s lakes are too polluted for fishing, swimming or aquatic life. One American produces over 3,285 pounds of hazardous waste. Our countries are deteriorating, species are becoming extinct; we are destroying our planet and there are simple solutions to correct that can help alleviate these predicaments, but first, corporate greed needs to be exterminated. The corporate mindset needs to change from ‘Profits before people’ to ‘People before profits’. It is simple; companies need to move their factories from those areas where people will be affected. No matter if they are black, Hispanic, Asians or whites, people are people, and one life is worth the same. There are millions of acres of desert land hundreds of miles from civilization that can be used to house those factories. Also, companies should start investing in more environmental friendly technologies for their factories in order to decrease pollution and toxic waste. If the entire world lived like the average American, we would need 5 planets to provide enough resources. Yes, investment in green technology is costly, but it is worth it. First of all, because it leads to a cleaner and more sustainable planet. Second, because the communities near the plants would not be at risk and third, because it saves money for the companies. It is a heavy short-term investment that provides long-term results. It is good for the environment and for the companies as it saves them money. Take for example Pepsi. Pepsi makes Walkers potato chips in England. Martyn Seal, the director of sustainability watches the clouds of steam rise from his office and all he sees is lost resources and lost money. To solve this, he and his team developed a manufacturing process that â€Å"will allow them to suck water out of potatoes and even unplug the plant from the public water system†. Potatoes are composed of 80% water, so they could use this captured water to clean the equipment, wash the potatoes and even irrigate the plants outside the factory. It is estimated that this method could save them more than $1 dollars a year. Companies need to start following Pepsi’s initiative and help conserve our planet. When companies shift their views to People before Profits, they will finally be morally aware of the damages they are causing to not only nature but also the people living in these communities. The problem of environmental racism is also due to the transnational power and the extent of the mobility of these global corporations that are exploiting workers. Economic integration has facilitated the movement of goods and services across national borders. Firms are becoming more and more powerful to nations. †Their mobility has made it possible for them to seek the greatest profit, the least government regulations, and the best tax incentives, anywhere in the world. † This is what creates environmental racism, if the proletariats does not accept a low waged job with environmental health risks, the mobility of the firm will allow it to relocate and find labor in another part of the world that has loser government regulations, oppressing those people instead. They are being forced to live under these conditions in order to put food on their family’s table. Another reason why environmental racism is occurring is due to lower environmental standards abroad. Luckily, the United States is passing stricter environmental regulations such as Title IV â€Å"which prohibits discriminatory practices in programs receiving federal funds and†¦a law that set policy goals for the protection, maintenance and enhancement of the environment†(91). These stricter laws have caused a downsizing of US operations and an expansion of operations across national borders. Large polluting firms that can no longer operate in the United States due to strict sanctions are now moving to third world countries where they can operate as these countries are in much need of capital and hence have lower environmental standards. The problem is not being reduced but rather passing on from one country to the next. For example, there are 2,000 maquiladoras in the US-Mexico border operated by American, Japanese and other foreign countries. The â€Å"maquiladoras dump their toxic wastes into the river, from which 95 percent of the region’s residents get their drinking water†(95). These corporations are making top profits, while poor communities in Mexico are forced to low-wage jobs and environmental health threats. â€Å"There is no ‘right to know’ law in Mexico, so both workers and communities are denied information about the toxins to which they are exposed. † These companies are degrading the environment and also they are keeping the toxic waste stored in Mexico, which should be returned to the US by law. This is just one example of how corporate mobility and lower standards abroad are leading to a higher degree of environmental racism. The profit maximizing mindset of western companies is putting profits before people, endangering lives and communities around the world and should be corrected before more people face the consequences. To combat against environmental degradation and racism one needs to change the governmental policies regarding these issues. Governments need to engage in ‘globalization from below’, â€Å"a global civil society that seeks to extend ideas of moral, legal and environmental accountability to those now acting on behalf of the state, market and media†. Countries with loose environmental laws need to place tougher conditions in place, and although they might lose revenue, they will free their people from environmental slavery. They need to realize that a life is worth more than a dollar bill. The United Nations needs to get involved helping these third world countries that do not have other options but to allow these companies into their countries. Tougher sanctions are desperately needed. â€Å"Grassroots groups are fighting back and winning. They are forming alliances, coalitions, networks and collaborations that stretch across the globe†(95). Environmental justice is needed, barriers need to be taken down and borders crossed. We cannot let our people live under these degrading conditions fearing for their own health and the lives of their children. Works Cited â€Å"11 Facts about Pollution. † Environmental Racism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. http://www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-pollution. â€Å"Air Pollution. † National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. http://www. niehs. nih. gov/health/topics/exposure/air-pollution/index. cfm. Brecher, Jeremy. Globalization From Below . † Third World Traveler. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. http://www. thirdworldtraveler. com/Globalization/Globalization_Below. html. Deming, Alison Hawthorne, and Lauret E. Savoy. The colors of nature: culture, identity, and the natural world. Rev. ed. Minneapolis, Minn. : Milkweed Editions, 2011. Print. Robinson, Dr Deborah M.. â€Å"Environmental Racism. â⠂¬  The WCC. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. http://www. wcc-coe. org/wcc/what/jpc/echoes/echoes-17-02. html. â€Å"Why sustainability is winning over CEOs. † Vancouver Sun. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 011. http://www. vancouversun. com/business/smart-shift/fp/sustainability+winning+over+CEOs/4556285/story. html. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. â€Å"Air Pollution. † National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . [ 2 ]. â€Å"11 Facts about Pollution. † Environmental Racism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . [ 3 ]. Ibid. [ 4 ]. â€Å"Why sustainability is winning over CEOs. † Vancouver Sun. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. . [ 5 ]. Robinson, Dr Deborah M.. â€Å"Environmental Racism. † The WCC. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . How to cite Combatting Environmental Racism, Papers

Information Technology Is An Establishment-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Does IT Mean To You? Why IT Is Important To Your Career? How Does IT Supports Business Processes And Links Them Together? What Are Some Of The Emerging Technologies? What Is Enterprise Architecture? What Are The Main Risks Associated With Implementation Of New Information Systems? Answers: 1.Over the past few years, IT has grown rapidly! Information technology is an important establishment for all people! It helps us get work done properly. IT has made the process of sharing data extremely easy. It concentrates on the use of computers and telecommunications to store, transmit and retrieve data. Indeed, this is an area where innovations are easily managed. 2.Information technology plays an integral role in many career tracks. It becomes impossible to experience a successful career without IT. Due to the periodic shifts in IT, your skills must evolve continuously (Nikoloski, 2014). Here are few reasons why IT is important for your career: Organizations are using technologies to enhance talent management, improve employee retention and raise engagement levels. Most career assessment tools rely on IT! These tools are responsible for gauging values, interests, skills and personalities. IT delights careerists with numerous possibilities. It is imperative for careerists to get wired. This helps us understand what a profession or industry wants. Issues and trends in IT can shape our futures. Indeed, they are required to enrich our knowledge and skills. 3.Just like professional development, IT is required in every business. May it be legal or fashion, every business should spend some money on information systems. IT helps in doing business and gaining more opportunities. Here are few ways IT influences business operations (Nikoloski, 2014): Businesses experience improvement productivity with better IT processes. Technology involves emails and other tools for both faster and seamless business operations. With IT, data transfers can happen in few minutes (if not seconds). Online fund transfers and file sharing has accelerated production cycles. Interdependence and globalization have eased the transfer of resources and communication on a global level. 4.IT has touched various domains. One of the most upcoming technologies would be autonomous cars. Self-driving cars can reduce accidents and boost economies. Plenty of research is done in this field! Technology companies are focusing on ways of improving the quality of self-driving cars. Another industry with emerging changes would be the Open AI Ecosystem. AI involves both social awareness algorithms and natural language processing methods. AI is all about smart digital assistants. In the next few years, 30 billion devices will be connected to the internet. Internet of Nanothings will have a prudent impact on drug manufacture, architecture, medicine and agriculture. 5.With so many promising opportunities for IT, an enterprise architecture is more than important. Enterprise architecture is a blueprint that optimizes the placement and usage of resources (Minoli, 2008). It helps in developing a unified IT environment. It comprises of standardized software systems and hardware devices. Enterprise architecture helps in creating symbiotic links between various business units. Goals of enterprise architecture include reuse of assets, alignment of standard procedures and sharing methods for software development. The right kind of enterprise architecture can make business more responsive, strategic and cheaper. 6.Unfortunately, IT comes with many risks. Here are few risks all businesses should be prepared to deal with (GTAG, 2012): Data privacy Defining, planning and managing data Identifying integration points in various governance processes Defining the roles of responsibilities of core members in the industry Timely deadlines References Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG) (2012). Information Technology Risks and Controls. Available at https://chapters.theiia.org/montreal/ChapterDocuments/GTAG%201%20-%20Information%20technology%20controls_2nd%20ed.pdf [Accessed on 10th Aug 2017] Introduction to Computer System. Available at https://buc.edu.in/sde_book/bcom_ca.pdf [Accessed on 10th Aug 2017] Minoli, D. (2008). What Enterprise Architecture? Available at https://www.ittoday.info/Articles/What_Is_Enterprise_Architecture.htm [Accessed on 10th Aug 2017 Nikoloski, K. (2014). The Role of Information Technology in the Business Sector. International Journal of Science and Research, vol. 3(12).

Cornell note taking system

guadalcanal essays

guadalcanal essays August 7, 1942,  ¡Ã‚ °Large force of ships, unknown number or types, entering the sound. What can they be? ¡ Tapped a Japanese radio operator, stationed on the island of Tulagi, neighboring Guadalcanal. This was the beginning of a pivotal battle at Guadalcanal, which would lead to the road to Tokyo and victory. The battle that lasted over six months presented U.S. troops with the obstacles of nature and the Japanese. These were overcome, but at a considerable cost. The Japanese fought with tactics foreign to American soldiers, presenting a new type of battle. The Japanese lost the Battle of Guadalcanal to the United States due to their strategies and assumptions that were grounded in ignorance. The cultural precepts of the Japanese soldier had a negative impact on their effectiveness in battle. Bushido led the samurais to believe that a single samurai could handle up to ten marines. In the battle of Tenaru, this ideology of Bushido manifested itself. A sizable amount of the 10,000 soldiers was stationed at a beachhead near Tenaru. Colonel Kiyono Ichiki arrogantly sent out 1,000 soldiers to overtake the beachhead. The Japanese troops were decimated with 827 casualties whereas the Americans suffered only 128 deaths. The attacks by Japanese soldiers, who never gave up, proved brave but fatal because of their overestimation of their strengths as a samurai. The prejudices about American troops proved fatal. Colonel Kiyono Ichiki believed that in the mind of an American, the night was for dancing. Attacks on U.S. troops were planned at night because of this ignorant misconception, and to the amazement of the Japanese, they were beat at night due to their weak attacks. After the U.S. had won all the decisive battles at Guadalcanal, the emperor continued to underestimate the U.S. and produced this arrogant statement:  ¡Ã‚ °The darkness is very deep but dawn is about to break in the eastern sky. Today the finest of ...

Using and interpreting statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Using and interpreting statistics - Essay Example There are minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A. The Sensitivity of the study of gene A is equal to 0.22222, which means that the patient with gene A and true gene A rate is quite low. Specificity is equal to 0.38095. Informational data from a study associated with childhood diabetes, informational data from a heart and lung surgery, and informational data from transfusion orthopaedic surgery were collected, tabulated and statistically treated with 95% confidence interval, risk ratio, probability, chi square, mean, standard deviation, standard error.Statistics or data is synonymous to informational figures that can be derived from investigatory processes and whose meanings can be interpreted after analysis.In addition, the development in electronic technology enhances the manipulation of such informational data for close to precise clinical assessments and supervisions. The rejection group has a rate of four (4) or thirteen point thirty three percent (13.33%) gene A. On the other hand, the sure group has a rate of fourteen (14) or forty six point sixty seven percent (46.67); hence there are minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A. The Sensitivity reading of gene A is equal to 0.22222; hence respondents with gene A and true gene A rate is small. Specificity is equal to 0.38095, about one third of the probability of without gene A. So, there is a thirty percent or zero point thirty probability of gene A, the risk of gene A, its estimated probability. The exposed cases probability is 0.4667, while the exposed in control while the probability is 0.1333. The total exposed has 0.3000, with 95% confidence, and an interval of 1.410185 to 27.15574 which include unknown mean . a) The research design used is randomized controlled trial, entailing random allocation of different interventions to the patiens. . b) Using proportion statistics treatment of the informational data on Table 2, the risk of childhood diabetes for individuals with gene A compared with those without gene A can be designed. c) The informational data substantiates Ho: gene "A" is associated with childhood diabetes because fourteen or 46.67 percent representing minimal numbers of diabetics with gene A meant a Sensitivity study 0.22222. So, the small number of respondents with gene A is found with Specificity 0.38095, almost one third of the probability of without gene A. Therefore, 30% or 0.30 probability of gene A in childhood, the risk of gene A, its estimated probability. d) The research intends discovering the possibility of gene "A" being associated with childhood diabetes. Results showed diabetics under the rejection group was rated 4, having 13.33 percent gene A present, while the sure group was rated 14, or 46.67 percent. So, there are insignificant numbers of diabetics with gene A. The Sensitivity gene A is 0.22222, meaning patient with gene A and true gene A rate is small, Specificity is 0.38095, roughly one third the probability of without gene A. Therefore 30% or 0.30 probability is the risk of gene A, its estimated probability. The exposed cases probability of 0.4667 and the probability of the exposed control 0.1333, has a rate of 0.3000 with 95% confidence and interval 1.410185 to 27.15574 with the unknown mean . Question 2 Within four years of hearts and lungs transplantations, a total of 138 organs were received. Out of this, 97 hearts were transplanted or 70.29 percent, and 41 Lungs or 29.71 percent. This means that there were more hearts transplanted than lungs. Negative skew or skewed to the left is indicated by mean value of 46.48454, which is lower than median (50) and median is lower than mode (59). This also means a longer left tail, extreme low scores with low frequency. This implies that there were more adult recipients of heart transplant than young adults. The distribution of the lungs organ in age at transplant was group into smallest and largest. The grouping showed that it skewed to

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example The use of the stem cell research on humans started in the 1960’s and one of the first and foremost achievements in this respect was when a patient who had severe combined immune deficiency disorder was successfully treated in 1968. Thereupon, in the early years of the 1970’s adult stem cells were used to treat immunodeficiencies and leukemias. The stem cell research has been supported by many who have observed the scope and the need for such a research. The cures for diseases which can be found by way of such a research have created for it a dramatic increase in support from many. However, there are arguments contrary to these by people who effectively disagree with the said phenomena ab initio. In respect of embryonic stem cell research it is argued by many to be an unethical procedure whereby lives of people are taken in the process. The important question in this respect is the ascertain ability of when actual stages of life begin. A blastocyst is where a cluster ce lls which are known as the inner cell mass is where the embryo is arises. The problem in respect of stem cell research, in particular the embryonic stem cell research was one of the most important political issue of the first tenure of President George W. Bush of the United States of America. The first and foremost action that was undertaken by the aforementioned President was on 09th August 2001 whereby he imposed a ban whereby no federal spending would be done for the reason to obtain new embryonic stem cells from fertilized embryos. ... The stem cell research has been supported by many who have observed the scope and the need for such a research. The cures for diseases which can be found by way of such a research have created for it a dramatic increase in support from many. However, there are arguments contrary to these by people who effectively disagree with the said phenomena ab initio. In respect of embryonic stem cell research it is argued by many to be an unethical procedure whereby lives of people are taken in the process. The important question in this respect is the ascertain ability of when actual stages of life begin. A blastocyst is where a cluster cells which are known as the inner cell mass is where the embryo is arises. The problem in respect of stem cell research, in particular the embryonic stem cell research was one of the most important political issue of the first tenure of President George W. Bush of the United States of America. The first and foremost action that was undertaken by the aforementi oned President was on 09th August 2001 whereby he imposed a ban whereby no federal spending would be done for the reason to obtain new embryonic stem cells from fertilized embryos. The argument put forward by the President was that the said research was destroying human life and therefore such incidents should be curtailed. Furthermore, during the period of the 109th Congress there was a bill passed by both houses which was signed by the President which banned the creation of fetuses by people for the sole reason that they would eventually be destroyed and the body parts would be harvested upon. There were bills passed by the 109th and 110th Congress so as to overturn the band, however, the same were vetoed by the President. Contrary to the said

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel - Essay Example This "Strategic plan for Eco-travel" essay outlines the necessity of strategic plan to make every business successful. The author analyzes a new business concept such as Eco-travel and a strategic plan for it. Eco-travel is a small scale business operating in the tourism sector and it is concerned with the provision of hospitality services to customers who mainly visit local community tourist attractions which are often overlooked by other big, established players in the same industry. This is a new business concept in the tourism sector which is dominated by established corporations. The customers mainly comprise of people from local communities as well as others from the neighbouring communities. Regional as well as visitors from different parts of the country are not excluded. The idea of this service was conceived after realising that established tourist operators often shunned local community resort centres as these were often regarded as small. Competitive prices will be offere d in order to stimulate business in this new tourism sector. â€Å"To provide a platform where all our customers can gain knowledge about their local heritage through promoting community tourism in a bid to bridge the knowledge gap existing among targeted clients.† Knowledge management is a key to the success of the company given that it is primarily concerned with educating people so that they become aware of the essence of protecting the environment in order to preserve their local natural heritage. In this case, the mission of the organisation demands that the knowledge base as well as capacity building among the targeted consumers have to be increased in order for the business to achieve its set goals. Measures have to be put in place to enable free acquisition, sharing and processing of information that can be in turn converted into valuable knowledge to the organisation. 1.2 Vision for Eco-travel â€Å"We are committed to become a leading community tour operator through responding to customer needs and changes that may take place in the market at competitive rates that are unmatched.† The organisation’s overall vision is mainly concerned with becoming a leader in the local community tourism sector in the future through harnessing on the strategy of knowledge creation management among the stakeholders involved. In order to achieve this feat, the company will primarily focus on quickly responding to the needs of the customers as well as constantly scanning the bu siness environment for any changes that may affect its operations. The

The Green Concept In The Hotel Industry

The Green Concept In The Hotel Industry Tourism industry is one of the leading industries around the world. It has been proved that this industry generates billions of money and it also helps people around the world to travel and increase their knowledge about other cultures and languages. But unfortunately, after thousands of years we found out that the tourism industry have a negative impact on the environment. However, there has been awareness both for the research arena and people since decades in the protection of the environment, and the need to safeguard the natural resources for the future generation. This awareness has spread all over the world starting first in US and Europe. The green practices were put into action after the deal Mauritius made with France for the contract of Maurice Ile Durable. The population of Mauritius comprising both consumers and producers have recently shown an increase concern about the environmental impact of products Considerable attention has been directed toward green products such as organic foods, recyclable paper, phosphate-free detergents, energy-efficient lighting. Consumers make product choices based on which combination of product attributes that meet their needs based on dimensions of value, cost, and prior satisfaction (Kotler, 1997). Considering the tourism industry in Mauritius, we can say that it is the leading growth sector. Somehow the country depends a lot on this industry and same as foreign countries, Mauritius also has made a lot of evolution. Big hotels were built in every coastal area to accommodate tourists and the minister of tourism has also embellished our historical gardens and other visiting sites. It is also well known that tourists are attracted by the 3S of our country, that is, the sea, sun and the sand. Mauritius is a small Island and we must conserve and preserve the natural resources and also protect the environment surrounding us. As mentioned above, same as in Goa, Mauritius as well is facing serious problems concerning pollu tion and over use of resources. At present hotels, travelers and other tourism industries are aware of the measures that should be taken to preserve the nature together with the satisfaction of customers. This is why, nowadays it can be seen that there are hotels that are innovating into green hotels and more green hotels are built so as to be sustainable. 2.1 The Green Concept in the hotel industry The Green concept of the hotel industry is an increase in awareness since the late 1980s. The hotel sector is said to be one of the most energy and water intensive sectors in the tourism industry. (Bohdanowicz, 2005). When hotels are constructed there is a need to make use of the environments resources like the land. Hotels can operate in different parts of the environment. The facilities like comfortable services, supplies (heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation, etc) to customers are necessary for their operations. (Bohdanowicz, 2005; Han et al., 2009). All these are said to be contributions to negative impacts on the environment. However, the success of the tourism industry, as well as the hotel sector will depends on the availability of a clean environment. Hotels operation lead to pollution, waste, and other elements represent a threat for the environment. The Green concept in this context is to turn these elements into a recycling process that will cause less harm to the envir onment. It is believed that hotels have produced great harm to the environment by, for example, consuming vast quantities of non recyclable products that generate tremendous waste, consuming substantial amounts of water and energy and emitting carbon dioxide and air, water and soil pollutants (Bohdanowicz, 2005; Chan, 2005). According to Wolfe and Shanklin (2001), the term green, which can alternatively be called eco-friendly, environmentally responsible, environmentally friendly, sustainable and environmentally oriented (Han et al., 2009; Pizam, 2009), are referred to actions (for e.g. recycling) that diminish harmful impacts on the environment. Green hotels are therefore described as environmentally responsible hotels that actively follow environmentally friendly guidelines, practice environmental management, implement diverse eco-friendly practices, institute sound green programs and commit themselves to achieving environmental improvement by displaying eco-labels or a green globe logo (Department of Environmental Protection, 2001; Green Hotel Association, 2008; Han et al., 2009, 2010; International Hotels Environmental Initiative, 1993). There is a public concern over environmental damage and customers desire for environmentally oriented products have stimulated hotel operators to green their operations (Han et al., 2009; Manaktola Jauhari, 2007; Wolfe Shanklin, 2001). Researchers and practitioners agree that the greening of a hotel contributes to satisfying eco-friendly customers green needs, avoids criticism of existing tourism practices, fulfils the requirements of government regulations and substantially decreases costs through waste reduction, water or energy conservation and recycling (Chan, 2005; Han et al., 2009; Wolfe Shanklin,2001). 2.2 The Green Building Green building is a new term which refers to environmentally friendly practices from the building design to the landscaping choice. With the introduction of sustainable development, building also need to be sustainable because buildings generate large amount of wastes from its construction and during its lifetime. And these wastes impacts on the surroundings, the environment and the people. According to Scatterfield (2009) the less impact a building has on human health and the environment, the more green it is. A green building can cost a lot at the beginning, but is profitable in the long run. It brings more benefits such as less pollution, more comfort for the employees and guests, and increase in productivity. The U.S Green Building Council (USGBC) in 2010 organised a competition with the aim to identify the best and brightest vision in the designing of an environmentally friendly hotel suite. The title of the competition was the sustainable Suite Design Competition. The judges have to consider several elements such as the resources efficiency of the suite (water, energy and materials), the guest room overall attributes, innovation nad aesthetic and lastly the cost associated with the design of the suite. The winners name was Haptik. The techniques developed by Haptik concerns the saving of energy in the room by using the PIS which is the passive infrared sensors. Th e PIS switch off light automatically when nobody is in the room. Haptik utilized the Trombe wall in the bathroom which uses sunlight to heat the water. A model of the suite was shown to the public during the HD Expo 2010. 2.2.1 The Green Building Certificate There are several certifications given to hotel all over the world to encourage them to move towards eco friendly attitude. The certification includes specific norms from energy saving to waste water disposal. Having a certification is often considered as a marketing tool also. The certifications are often internationally known. 2.3 The Green Tourist Nowadays, tourists are showing preferences for destinations that protect and preserve the environment. In the literature there has been a tendency to use the terms green and sustainable interchangeably. However, there are very distinct differences between the two. Green is defined as a product or service that is both environmentally and socially responsible. It is accountable to and respectful of the places and people that provide and use them (Mc Laren, 2006). Sustainable is defined as the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Brundtland, 1987). Green Tourism is defined by the Green Association as travel and exploration within and around an area that offers visitors enjoyment and appreciation of the areas natural assets and cultural resources, while inspiring physically active, intellectually stimulating and socially interactive experiences (Blackstone Corporation, 1996). The United Nations designate d the year 2000 as the international year of Ecotourism. Eco tourists or green tourists attempt to travel in a manner not harmful to the environment. To travel green means to travel responsibly while conserving the environment and minimizing the social, cultural and ecological impacts, a green tourist enables other people to visit the same place later and still enjoy the same experience. Green tourism is informative because travelers learn their destination and local people learn what to appreciate what they have to offer. It supports the integrity of the place because conscientious travelers seek out things that are characteristic of the locality in terms of architecture, cuisine, heritage or environment. Quality not quantity should be the goal of Green Tourism, therefore permanence and richness of experience is what both parties are striving for. According to environmentalists, the Green Practice was put into action when the view of the Earth was broadcasted through satellites programs. From that moment itself an increase concern to protect the earths fragility, and there is a need to conserve and protect it. This is the result in an increase of awareness of the following terms like; the ozone layer, greenhouse effect and acid rain. (Walker, 2000). Despite the complexities surrounding green behavior the tourism industry is still keen to understand how the green concerns of consumers correlate to tourists and how the concerns convert to travel- or holiday-related behavior. Moreover, Peattie (2001) has claimed that although all consumers are green consumers at some point in their lives, most green purchases involve a trade-off. These compromises include paying a green premium or accepting a lower standard product or service for better eco performance. However, differences in concerns and behaviors among tourists highlight the l ack of homogeneity in this market. For example, concerns about the impact of transport and conservation of wildlife tend to be more mainstream issues, whereas erosion of recreational areas by walking or riding may only concern niche market segments, such as eco-tourists, environmentally responsible tourists or ethical tourists, which are the alternative terms given to green tourists ( Horner and Swarbrooke, 2006 ). These differences have been explained according to four factors awareness and knowledge of the issues; attitudes towards the environment in general; other priorities in life; information obtained from the media and pressure groups; and their health, family commitments and housing ( Horner and Swarbrooke, 2006, p. 181 ). Although many in the tourism industry question whether the environmental concerns of tourists influence decision making, there is evidence that some tourists may choose anairline based on their environmental management practices ( Horner and Swarbrooke, 2006 ). They may also boycott events involving animal cruelty (for example, bull-fights) or campaign against tourism development that destroys wildlife habitats. Furthermore, the extent of change varies from one type of tourist to another. The very dark green consumers may convert their beliefs into action by not taking holidays away from home so as to prevent harm to the environment and in doing so do not become tourists. On the other hand, the not all green tourist may show only a passing interest by reading about the environmental issues caused by tourism (Hornermand Swarbrooke, 2006). 2.4 Attitudes towards the Green Practice Over the last few decades, protecting the environment has been a major issue in our society (Easterling et al., 1996). Recognizing the seriousness of ecological problems, people have become increasingly environmentally conscious. This ecological awareness has led an increasing number of individuals to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors in their everyday lives. (Kalafatis et al., 1999; Laroche et al., 2001). In addition, Amyx et al. (1994) has focused on the perceived importance of the environment to the degree to which individuals express their consciousness of environmental issues. In conceptualizing the perceived importance of the environment as the primary indicator of attitudes toward environmentally compatible behaviors, Laroche et al. (2001) determined the levels of these attitudes by whether individuals considered eco-friendly behaviors to be essential to themselves or the entire society. This ATGB mainly involves the perceived importance or inconvenience of environm ental consciousness, the severity of environmental problems, and the level of responsibility of corporations (Laroche et al., 2001; McCarty and Shrum, 1994; Roberts, 1996). In other words, individuals ATGB can be established by the level of their awareness of these dimensions of ATGB for themselves and for society as a whole. Some researchers has also pointed out that only a small portion of environmentally conscious customers actually purchases eco-friendly products in the marketplace because of high monetary and non-monetary costs and inconvenience (Maibach, 1993; Roberts, 1996). However, numerous findings indicated that more environmental concern tends to result in more environmentally friendly buying behaviors (e.g., Kalafatis et al., 1999; Laroche et al., 2001; Manaktola and Jauhari, 2007). Consumers may be willing to purchase environmentally-friendly products but are faced with constraints or conflicts that create a resistance to adopting pro-environmental behavior. For example, consumers may want to be environmentally responsible but still want to maintain their existing life-style (Schwartz, 1990; McDaniel and Rylander, 1993). They may not be prepared to sacrifice convenience (Simon, 1992; Stern, 1999), accept lower performance levels, or pay a price premium (Peattie, 1999b). Based on Ajzens (1988) theory of planned behaviour consumers environmental purchasing intentions and behaviour may be influenced by a number of factors, such as the individuals knowledge and motivation, the ability to perform the behaviour and the opportunity to behave in an enviro nmentally-friendly way (Pieters, 1989; O  ¨ lander and Thà ¸gersen, 1995). 2.5 Tourists willingness to buy Green Products Products are defined as environmentally friendly if in some way they aim at reducing a products negative environmental impact. Some authors have suggested that the failure to reassure consumers on the products functional performance was partly attributable to the early failure of many environmentally-friendly products (e.g. Davis, 1993; Ottman, 1999). Although it has been found that some consumers may, for example, accept a lower functional performance in order to buy a product that delivers environmental benefits, the environmental benefit in itself is neither the primary benefit sought nor the primary motivation for purchase (Speer, 1997; Ottman, 2001). As Wong et al. (1996) observed: Green is seldom the over-riding determinant of product or brand choice but just another benefit or attribute that adds value, usually a feel good factor to the overall product. (Wong et al., 1996, p. 269). Some marketers appear to have overlooked this and assumed that an environmental positioning alone was sufficient to guarantee product success (Ottman, 1995). Product performance appears to play a key role in influencing consumer adoption and retention of environmental products. So, when there is consumer skepticism of the relative performance of environmental products or a performance gap exists (i.e.consumer expectations of the products performance have not matched up to the in-use experience), this may strongly influence the products acceptance (Wong et al., 1996).Within the hotel sector, increasing numbers of customers prefer to choose a green lodging facility that follows environmentally friendly practices, showing concern about the seriousness of ecological degradation (Han, Hsu, Sheu, 2010; Manaktola Jauhari, 2007). In recognition of this eco-friendly consumption need, nowadays many hotel firms seek to incorporate customers emerging concerns about the environment in their man agement or a marketing decision-making (Bohdanowicz, 2006; Lee, Hsu, Han, Kim, 2010; Mensah, 2006). Altering their hotel operations to be green (i.e. significantly reducing environmental impacts) is becoming a necessity to attain noticeable improvement in their competitiveness in the market (Han, Hsu, Lee, 2009; Manaktola Jauhari, 2007). One of the most credible pieces of evidence demonstrating the increase of environmentally friendly customer behaviors is the increased number of customers who have a strong intention to pay more for green products (Laroche, Bergeron, Barbaro-Forleo, 2001). In the hotel context, in reality, green hotel prices do not significantly differ from those of comparable conventional (or non-green) hotels (Han et al., 2009; Manaktola Jauhari, 2007). The green hotel operators interest is in whether travelers are willing to pay comparable regular-hotel prices for their hotel, perhaps sacrificing little conveniences while staying at their green hotel (reusin g towels, limited use of disposable products, use of recycled products/furniture, recycling bins, buffet-style foods without garnishes, meeting tables without tablecloths, minimized decor, non-smoking areas, dispensers for soap/shampoo, etc.). For consumers who are more receptive to environmental products and purchase them through choice, there may be a segment that are willing to pay more for the environmental benefit. But, whilst some authors suggest that consumers are willing-to-pay more for an environmentally-friendly products (Kassarjian, 1971; Freeman, 1989; Klein, 1990; McCloskey, 1990; Kapelianis et al., 1996; Laroche et al., 2001), others suggest otherwise (Wood, 1990; Simon, 1992; Sims, 1993). Marketplace examples also suggest that in reality consumers are not always prepared to pay the premium prices suggested by research (Fuller, 1999). Although our knowledge about consumers acceptance of paying a higher price for environmentally-friendly products appears to be inconsist ent and inconclusive, it has often been found that consumers will pay on average around 5 percent more (Schwartz, 1990; Kapelianis et al., 1996; Speer, 1997). 2.6 Cost of going green in the hotel industry With a broadly point of view, there are two approaches in the environmental cost analysis. One emphasizes the costs associated with environmental damage and its remediation, the other stresses on the price of control. In practice, this damage costing approach faces some essential problems in estimating the environmental impact as described by Bernow at al. (1991). Hotel developers still face specific barriers in developing and operating green properties, such as finding vendors, contractors, engineers, housekeepers, landscapers and managers that understand new systems, products and procedures. Complicating matters for hotels is to cover the typical hotel management and franchise agreements. The highly structures arrangements negotiated between hotels owners and hotel managers have not yet addressed a number of issues raised by green development, redevelopment or operation that affects the bottom line of both entities. Finally, there is the issue of meeting the expectations of paying guests. Although we believe guests expect hotels to operate in an environmentally conscious fashion, it may also be that those same guests may have unrealistic expectations of luxury and comfort in terms of green operation. To take simple example, do hotels still need to put out individual shampoo bottles and does the spa need to smell faintly like chlorine to satisfy guests expectations. The costs arising from the implementation of ISO 14001 include those associated with initial set up, maintenance and improvement (Chin et al., 1998). The price of initial set up refers to all costs associated with the provision of hardware and software facilities, plus tools for establishing the system in compliance with the ISO 14000 EMS standards.

Sylvias Struggle in The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara Essay -- Sylvia’s

Toni Cade Bambara’s "The Lesson" revolves around a young black girl’s struggle to come to terms with the role that economic injustice, and the larger social injustice that it constitutes, plays in her life. Sylvia, the story’s protagonist, initially is reluctant to acknowledge that she is a victim of poverty. Far from being oblivious of the disparity between the rich and the poor, however, one might say that on some subconscious level, she is in fact aware of the inequity that permeates society and which contributes to her inexorably disadvantaged economic situation. That she relates poverty to shame—"But I feel funny, shame. But what I got to be shamed about? Got as much right to go in as anybody" (Bambara 604)—offers an indication as to why she is so hard-pressed to concede her substandard socioeconomic standing in the larger scheme of things. Sylvia is forced to finally address the true state of her place in society, however, when she observes fi rsthand the stark contrast between the rich and the poor at a fancy toy store in Manhattan. Initially furious about the blinding disparity, her emotionally charged reaction ultimately culminates in her acceptance of the real state of things, and this acceptance in turn cultivates her resolve to take action against the socioeconomic inequality that verily afflicts her, ensuring that "ain’t nobody gonna beat me at nuthin" (606). "The Lesson" posits that far from being insurmountable, economic and social injustice can be risen above, but it is necessary that we first acknowledge the role that it plays in our lives, and then determine to take action against it; indifference, and the inaction that it breeds, can only serve to perpetuate such injustices. Sylvia’s languid regard for Miss Mo... ... The "unprecedented access to higher education and employment" (African American np) that African Americans have been party to since the Civil Rights Movement speaks strongly to the opportunities for change that this country affords its citizens. However, the value of the struggle cannot be lost on us. We must recognize that such fundamental change does not manifest itself overnight: it is achievable only where a lasting commitment to it is available. Change is not beyond us. Action, however, is its necessary predecessor. Works Cited Bambara, Toni, Cade. The Lesson. New York: The Continuum Publishing Corporation, 1972. Cartwright, Jerome. â€Å"Bambara’s ‘The Lesson.’ The Explicator 47.3 (Spring 1989): 61-64. Literature Resource Center. Web. 27 Nov. 2014. "African American" Web. 27 Nov. 2014. http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/African_American